Short interpregnancy interval and poor fetal growth: Evaluating the role of pregnancy intention
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that short interpregnancy interval (the interval between delivery and estimated last menstrual period of a subsequent pregnancy) is associated with small for gestational age birth. It is controversial if this association is causal, as few studies have accounted for likely confounding factors such as unintended pregnancy. We examined the association between interpregnancy interval and infant birthweight, adjusting for pregnancy intention and other socio-economic and obstetrical risk factors. METHODS: We used data from the Scandinavian Successive Small-for-Gestational-Age births study (1986-1988). Birthweight was expressed as a gestational age-standardised z-score. RESULTS: Among 1406 women, a trend towards lower birthweight z-score with short interpregnancy interval was not statistically significant (unadjusted difference in birthweight z-score of -0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.55, 0.05). After adjusting for pregnancy intention, detailed measures of socio-economic status, and other covariates, the estimated magnitude of effect between interpregnancy interval and birthweight z-score was further attenuated (adjusted difference in birthweight z-score of -0.13, 95% CI -0.46, 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study with detailed information on pregnancy intention and socio-economic status, short interpregnancy interval was not associated with lower birthweight. These findings suggest that previously observed associations between short interpregnancy interval and lower birthweight may reflect confounding by socio-economic and/or other unmeasured confounders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".