Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Separation Efficiency and Desorption Kinetics in the TMA-CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Draw solute separation from a draw solution is the main source of energy consumption in forward osmosis. The draw solute separation efficiency from a TMA-CO 2 -H 2 O (TMA = trimethylamine) draw solution and the decomposition kinetics of the latter were investigated in this study from 30 to 50 °C and 0.75 to 0.35 bar. The former proved stoichiometric and efficient with ∼100% draw solute removal after 60 min at 50 °C and 0.35 bar. The rate-determining step proved to be the physicochemical phenomenon of the desorption of the less volatile gas, TMA. It was found to be first order with respect to the TMA(aq) concentration. The combined effects of temperature and pressure on the k values proved that only the temperature has a significant effect. Finally, an Eyring–Arrhenius model was designed to estimate k values for the TMA desorption rate in the temperature and pressure range studied in this work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".