The Canadian Orange Movement : the concept of political and social tradition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Canadian Orange Movement. The Concept of Political and Social Tradition What is Orangeism? Orangeism is a Protestant movement of Irish origin that has its organizations (lodges) in Great Britain and in most of the former British colonies. Despite some differences among various Orange organizations, their basic principles remain the same: they work for the continuation of British rule and the preservation of the supremacy of Protestantism in the former British colonies. The Orange Movement (also known as the Orange Society, the Orange Order, or the Orange Association) is named after King William III of England (known as William of Orange 1) who is regarded as the father of Orangeism. The movement was formed in the British Isles as a result of a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics. Its ideology is based on the democratic concepts that were established in the 17 th century England by the Glorious Revolution, started by William of Orange in 1689 2 . King William III remains the most symbolic figure and most significant statesman for all Orangemen. Orange organizations have been formed in various British colonies since William of Orange became the king of England. The Orange movement rapidly spread, first all over the British Isles and then it also found its way to the British colonies including Canada. William's victory over James II and his Catholic army at the Battle of the Boyne 3 in 1690 1 William III (of Orange) – Europe's leading Protestant statesman, stadtholder of the Netherlands and King of England (1689-1702). He ascended to the British throne thanks to the support of the Protestant opposition that forced Catholic King James II to flee to Ireland. 2 The Glorious Revolution – events of 1688 that ended English Revolution; having ascended to the throne, William III of Orange laid foundations for the constitutional monarchy in Britain and secured Protestant liberties and domination in the British Isles. 3 Battle of the Boyne (12 July 1690). The Protestant army of William III defeated King James II's Catholic army in Ireland. July 12, 1690, symbolizes the supremacy of Protestantism over Catholicism and is the most important and most celebrated date by Orangemen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".