Sperm whale inter-pulse intervals and size: The anomaly called Yukusam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Yukusam is the name given to a male sperm whale who was first documented off northeastern Vancouver Island in February 2018. He spent several weeks in this area before traveling south to the inland waters of the Salish Sea in late March 2018. Sperm whale clicks have been used as a proxy to determine overall size by using the time difference of arrival between the initial noise pulse and its reflections within the spermaceti organ. Different equations have been derived in order to use this Inter-Pulse Interval (IPI) to estimate overall length. Here we use Yukusam’s usual clicks recorded from the Lime Kiln hydrophone on the west side of San Juan Island (WA State, USA) to compare IPI-based length estimates with visual observations. Photo and video documentation indicate that this whale is ~15 m in length. Our initial acoustic results indicate that equations in the literature underestimate his length by at least a few meters. The potential reasons behind these anomalies are explored in this presentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".