A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction toward C<sub>2+</sub> Hydrocarbons
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO 2 ) is a promising technology to use renewable electricity to convert CO 2 into valuable carbon‐based products. For commercial‐scale applications, however, the productivity and selectivity toward multi‐carbon products must be enhanced. A facile surface reconstruction approach that enables tuning of CO 2 ‐reduction selectivity toward C 2+ products on a copper‐chloride (CuCl)‐derived catalyst is reported here. Using a novel wet‐oxidation process, both the oxidation state and morphology of Cu surface are controlled, providing uniformity of the electrode morphology and abundant surface active sites. The Cu surface is partially oxidized to form an initial Cu (I) chloride layer which is subsequently converted to a Cu (I) oxide surface. High C 2+ selectivity on these catalysts are demonstrated in an H‐cell configuration, in which 73% Faradaic efficiency (FE) for C 2+ products is reached with 56% FE for ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) and overall current density of 17 mA cm ‐2 . Thereafter, the method into a flow‐cell configuration is translated, which allows operation in a highly alkaline medium for complete suppression of CH 4 production. A record C 2+ FE of ≈84% and a half‐cell power conversion efficiency of 50% at a partial current density of 336 mA cm ‐2 using the reconstructed Cu catalyst are reported.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it