Effect of joint gap on Nd: YAG laser welded Ti-6Al-4V
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of joint gap on the butt joint quality of Ti-6Al-4V alloy welded using 4 kW Nd:YAG laser was evaluated in terms of welding defects, microstructure, hardness and tensile properties. Fully penetrated welds were obtained up to a joint gap of 0.5 mm. No cracks were detected. The main defects observed in the welds are porosity and underfill. The porosity area increases with increasing joint gap but remains less than 1% of the fusion zone area. Large underfill defects appear at the welds in the absence of a joint gap but the use of filler wire can reduce this defect in the presence of a joint gap. The weld hardness is slightly decreased with increasing joint gap but the tensile properties seem to be optimized at an intermediary joint gap, probably due to the compromise between the low underfill (after the use of filler wire) and a limited amount of porosity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".