Estimating muddy seabed properties using ambient noise coherence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the Seabed Characterization Experiment, a multi-institutional field effort held at the New England mud patch, the autonomous passive acoustic lander Deep Sound made a series of ambient noise measurements from the seafloor. The instrument platform carried four hydrophones, arranged in an inverted ‘T’ shape with three spaced in the horizontal and two in the vertical, and landed on the seafloor with the bottom phones 30 cm above the interface. Pressure time series, vertical and horizontal noise coherence (directionality), were recorded continuously for periods of 9 hours over the acoustic bandwidth of 5 Hz to 30 kHz, along with the local temperature, conductivity, and depth. An analytical Pekeris waveguide noise model was fitted to the data in order to determine the bulk sound speed, sheer speed, density, and frequency dependent attenuation in the bottom fluid half-space. Acoustic properties of the mud were determined by comparing the data to the output of a range independent noise model, featuring a realistic multi-layered seabed. [Research supported by ONR.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".