Enhancement of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractility by Alterations of Membranous Architecture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plasma membrane (PM) of smooth muscle cells hosts channel molecules regulating the flow of various ions. An intact architecture of PM is essential to orchestrate proper channel functions in order to complete agonist‐mediated contraction, which includes Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to initiate contraction, and subsequent Ca 2+ refilling into SR through PM to sustain muscle contraction. The Junctional Complex (JC), comprising of junctional SR, and its apposing PM and neighboring caveolae, provides a quasi‐enclosed microdomain housing receptors as well as ion channels and also restricting ion diffusions into the cytosol so the cell achieves optimal performance. The spatial arrangement of the JC is believed to ensure an uninterrupted Ca 2+ cycling route. Full understanding of the functional role of the JC is the key to elucidating the contractile mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle and the physiological function of vessel contraction. The JC can be further divided into two sub‐divisions, namely the PM‐SR and caveolar regions. Previously, we demonstrated the role of the PM‐SR region in the initiation of muscle contraction using pharmacological tools on the inferior vena cava (IVC) of rabbit. In the current study, we further dissected the caveolar region using a cholesterol‐disrupting agent to investigate the role of the caveolar region. We conclude that disruption of the caveolar region in rabbit IVC smooth muscle results in augmented muscle contraction in response to adrenergic stimulation and the altered Ca 2+ signaling may underlie the augmented contractility. Anat Rec, 302:186–192, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".