Evidence of a Genetically Distinct Population of Striped Bass within the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sound management of a species requires, among other things, careful consideration of their distribution and genetic structure throughout their range. Historically, there were three spawning populations of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis occurring within the Bay of Fundy, Canada (Shubenacadie River, Annapolis River, and Saint John River), but today the only known spawning population is found in the Shubenacadie River, Nova Scotia. The last spawning event recorded (albeit unsuccessful) in the Saint John River was in 1975 shortly after the completion of the Mactaquac Dam in 1968. Adult Striped Bass from other rivers frequent the Saint John River during much of the year, making the presence of adults uninformative about the status of spawning. In the absence of direct indicators of spawning, such as eggs and larvae, genomic tools can provide insight into the genetic origin of the juvenile Striped Bass in the Saint John River. Tissue samples were taken from Striped Bass (ages 1–3; 12.2–35.0 cm TL) captured in the Saint John River and compared with samples from the Shubenacadie River, Hudson River, and Chesapeake Bay. A double-digest RAD-seq technique was used to identify 4,700 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and population structure was assessed using population differentiation statistics (FST) and genetic clustering algorithms. The FST analysis found significant differences among all sample sites, albeit weak differences between Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay samples, and a global FST of 0.101. Genetic clustering analyses and discriminant analysis of principle components both grouped samples into three clusters: the Shubenacadie River, the U.S. populations, and the Saint John River juveniles. Based on these findings and the current understanding of Striped Bass juvenile dispersal, there is strong evidence of a genetically distinct population of Striped Bass within the Saint John River.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".