Phytoplankton responses to the 2014–2016 warming anomaly in the northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Significant changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton were observed along Line P in the northeast subarctic Pacific as a result of a rapid warming of surface waters in 2014–2015. This feature, labeled “the blob,” reached ~ 4°C above normal and restricted winter ocean–surface nutrient renewal due to increased stratification. As a result, surface nutrients were the lowest observed and nitrate depletion in summer extended farther offshore than in the last three decades. Within this nitrate‐depleted region, there was unusually low phytoplankton biomass and a dramatic increase in the dominance of cyanobacteria, including Prochlorococcus , which had not been previously observed in this region. Farther offshore, in the iron‐limited region, phytoplankton biomass and the abundance of haptophytes and chlorophytes increased during “the blob.” By 2016, surface nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations were still low, but at most of the stations, phytoplankton composition was similar to that observed before the warming occurred, except for an increase in diatoms farther offshore. These changes at the base of the food web could have ecosystem‐wide implications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".