Very Fast Transients in a 500 kV Gas-Insulated Substation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper performs thorough investigations of very fast transients (VFTs) in a 500 kV gas-insulated substation (GIS) by adopting complete earth-return impedance and admittance formulas. VFT simulations are performed with wideband models in a simulation tool for electromagnetic transients. The effects of various GIS parameters on VFTs are investigated. The maximum core and pipe voltages along the GIS are presented. The frequency spectra of VFT voltages are evaluated, and the effects of GIS length and transformer capacitances on the VFT frequencies are analyzed. The frequency decreases as the GIS total length increases. The frequency is decreased significantly by stray capacitances of transformers because those are far greater than the GIB capacitance. The effect of pipe grounding on the pipe voltage is a very noticeable, but on the core voltage and the oscillating frequency is minor. The position of an operating DS influences the VFT over-voltages and frequency significantly. Approximate analytical formulas are derived for physical and qualitative interpretation of simulation results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".