Stretchable current collectors based on carbon embedded in a poly (acrylamide)/poly (N,N-methylenebisacrylamide) hydrogel modified with Nafion 117®
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we optimized the dispersion of hydrophobic carbons within ionically conductive hydrogels composed of a poly (acrylamide)-pAAm/poly (N,N-methylenebisacrylamide)-pMBAA modified with Nafion 117®. The carbon-embedded hydrogel films were prepared by in situ UV polymerization of aqueous suspension containing KCl, acrylamide and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide monomers, the multi-walled-carbon nanotubes, graphene, single-walled carbon nanohorns, and their composites with polypyrrole. These electrodes were translucent, stretchable, ionically and electronically conductive at low carbon content. In addition, they were very flexible, reaching a stretch up to 1475.57% of their initial length. Mechanical characteristics and conductivity were measured at their maximum hydration, corresponding to water uptake of 47.20% after 5 days of curing in humidity chamber. Hydrogels with dispersed carbon demonstrated both ionic and electronic conductivity in hydrated state and electronic conductivity alone when the electrode was dry. Nafion 117® acted as a surfactant and played a significant role in the improvement of carbon distribution within the hydrogel due to the hydrophobic–hydrophilic interaction between hydrogel, Nafion and the carbon. This was further correlated with changes in zeta potential at the carbon–hydrogel interface upon addition of Nafion, measured using a rotating disk electrode voltammetry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".