Initial Results of Time-Lapse Processing of VSP Geophone and DAS Fiber-Optic Cable at Aquistore CO2 Injection Site, Sask
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary The Aquistore CO2 storage site is located near the town of Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada. The CO2 reservoir is located at a depth of about 3300 m, and injection and observation wells are drilled down to that depth. A coal-fired power plant east of the wells supplies the CO2 and a pipeline transfers the CO2 to the injection well. Prior to injection, vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) were acquired in November 2013 with two receiver types: a 60-level geophone tool deployed at a depth range of 1650–2650 m, and a fiber-optic cable used for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) installed from the surface to a depth of 2766 m. CO2 injection started in April 2015 with a planned injection rate of 500–600 ton/day. In February 2016 about 36 kilotonnes of CO2 was injected when the first monitor VSP geophone and DAS data were acquired. The second DAS monitor survey was acquired in November 2016 when about 102 kilotonnes of CO2 was injected. We have applied a similar processing flow to all vintages of both geophone and DAS data to evaluate how repeatable VSPs can image the CO2 plume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".