Arctic Beaufort Gyre duct transmission measurements and simulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transmissions of 100–300 Hz sound over distances of 220–505 km in the Beaufort Sea area for 10 months revealed strong long-term trends and short-term variability. The sound was emitted by Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE) Deep Water sources, and received by CANAPE Shallow Water receivers close to the Chukchi Sea. Much of the sound that arrives at these distances is trapped in the Pacific Water duct. A dynamical model of the area driven by representative forcing, which includes eddies that have propagation consequences, is used to examine changes to the water column at small eddy scales and at broader scales that can influence the sound. Processes such as variable excitation of ducted normal modes, time-variable duct sound-speed mean profile, and coupling of ducted modes to other modes by range dependent eddy features are examined with the model. The effects of these processes are quantified and compared to field observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".