Pulmonary Vascular Involvement in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Is There a Pulmonary Vascular Phenotype?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although often clinically unrecognized, the pulmonary circulation is frequently affected in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the presence of pulmonary vascular disease is associated with poor prognosis and frequent exacerbations. In most cases the presenting pulmonary hypertension (PH) is relatively mild, but in a subset of COPD patients, the presence of certain clinical features supports the existence of a “pulmonary vascular phenotype”. Such a phenotype would be characterized by severe pre-capillary PH with strongly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, moderate airflow limitation, severely decreased diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, normo- or hypocapnia, circulatory exercise limitation and progressive right heart failure. Additional molecular and genetic features of this phenotype have been suggested. Although current PH guidelines do not suggest targeted therapy with pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs for COPD patients and prospective controlled studies are la...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".