Bibliographic record
Abstract
This excellent study, based on a well-planned and well-executed physiologic cadaveric model, provides clinicians with a clear demonstration of inadvertent supratrochlear cannulation, proposed to be cause of the most feared complication of cosmetic filler injection: iatrogenic blindness.1 The supratrochlear vessels were chosen for study as the glabella is the commonest site of vascular occlusion reported worldwide.2 The authors selected 6 cadaver heads with no known pre-existing cranial dysmorphism or disease, and created a life-like situation with a perfusion model that simulates the rate and pulsation of blood flow, with cannulation of the common carotid artery and jugular vein to complete the vascular circuit. The superficial branch of the supratrochlear artery (STA) was selected to be cannulated under direct vision, and in 3 of the 6 heads the hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injected into the supratrochlear vessels was demonstrated physically in the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery. A C-arm angiogram confirmed the presence of the HA filler, as well as the absence of ophthalmic artery blood flow in those heads. These 3 cadaver heads with ophthalmic artery occlusion had average supratrochlear vessel diameters of 1.42 mm. In the other 3 cadaveric heads, in which no supratrochlear cannulation was possible (average STA diameter: 0.84 mm), no ophthalmic artery occlusion occurred.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.062 | 0.036 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".