Temporal separation in call types found for large baleen whale species in offshore waters of the Canadian Pacific
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Populations of large whale species were severely reduced by commercial whaling. Studies of repopulation and habitat use are hindered by their use of offshore waters. Passive acoustic recordings made using stationary and mobile receivers in in- and offshore waters off the west coast of Vancouver Island are used to begin to re-establish abundance and distribution patterns of these species, while outlining habitat units that may be important for population recovery. At its simplest call presence represents whale presence. Additionally, recordings show a strong temporal separation in call type employed by fin whales. Their stereotypical 20 Hz call dominates recordings from December to late February, with presence of patterned sequences representing a doublet song also. Recordings made later in the spring (March-April) show high prevalence of the 40 Hz call, described for social and foraging behaviours. These calls were most frequently heard in recordings from along the continental shelf break and in areas of topographical complexity and possible prey aggregation, such as oceanic canyons. Change in call type suggests a change in behaviour and social context of the signaler. Similar patterns were found for blue whales in this area; more B calls in winter and D calls in spring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".