Measurement of the sound directivity of tonal and broadband reversing alarms in various controlled environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tonal reversing alarms are a recognized source of noise annoyance and recent broadband alarms target a reduction of the environmental impact of backup sound alarms. From the worker and safety point, the sound field generated behind vehicles by broadband alarms is considered more uniform and its source easier to localize in space, a main drawback of tonal alarms being to exhibit large amplitude variations in the produced sound field pattern. Very few datasets are nevertheless available in order to objectively compare these two alarm types. The zone where the generated sound field is studied is also almost all the time restricted to the rear of the vehicle, even though additional diffraction effects can occur around the vehicle due to its finite volume and geometry. For two commercial alarms (tonal and broadband), 3D directivity patterns are obtained from microphone array measurements performed in controlled conditions, i.e., in a hemi-anechoic room and a reverberant room. The backup alarms are either placed on a stand at the center of the room, or on a parallelepiped surface representing the rear part of a small fork lift. The effect of the floor condition, i.e., reflective or absorbing, is also studied in the hemi-anechoic room.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".