Depositional Environment, Provenance, and Tectonic Setting of the Upper Oligocene Sooke Formation, Vancouver Island, B. C.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Upper Oligocene Sooke Formation, the uppermost unit of the Carmanah Group, is exposed along the southeastern coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, where it is part of the Crescent terrane. The Sooke Formation is generally less than 45 meters thick. Typically, a basal boulder breccia is overlain by interdigitated layers of cross-stratified, often fossiliferous sandstone and conglomerate. Deposition of the Sooke Formation occurred along a steep coast with abundant cliffs, narrow boulder beaches and sandy beaches, and a nearby fluvial source. The conglomerates and breccias were deposited by debris flows, rock falls, and as storm lag deposits. Sandstones were deposited dominantly on the shoreface under both fairweather and storm conditions. The Sooke Formation sandstones are lithic arenites. The sandstones are texturally immature, and modal grain size is fine sand. Calcite cement is the most common cement, although pyrite, hematite, zeolite, clay, silica, and K-rich cement are also present, indicating a complex diagenetic history. Petrographic studies indicate that the dominant source area for the Sooke Formation was Vancouver Island. Boulders and cobbles were derived locally from the underlying Metchosin Volcanics and Sooke Gabbro, and adjacent Leech River Complex. Sand-sized clasts contain more diverse lithologies derived from several sources on Vancouver Island. Deposition occurred soon after major movement on the Leech River fault, which is thought to be a suture along which rocks of the Crescent terrane were amalgamated with southern Vancouver Island in an early Tertiary subduction regime. Movement along the Leech River fault prior to deposition of the Sooke Formation caused uplift of the Leech River Complex. The area was tectonically active during deposition. Facies show pulses of shallowing-upwards trends superimposed on a general deepening- upward trend.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".