Cold Spraying of Mixed Sn-Al Powders onto Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pure metal coatings have successfully been cold sprayed on to Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) in previous studies at McGill University.As a means to improve coating conductivity for lightning-strike protection (LSP) purposes, coatings with mixed metal powders were sprayed.There is also the possibility of improving the deposition efficiency (DE) since single component tin coatings previously had a maximum DE of only 20%.The studied coatings were based on a mix of tin and aluminum powders, the latter being a metal commonly used in the aerospace industry for its lightweight properties.The different coatings were characterized and compared to results on pure tin coatings and on mixed Sn-Cu and Sn-Zn coatings.The deposition efficiency (DE) was measured for different conditions and compared to those of previous studies.Mixing tin and aluminum powders is discussed and various mechanisms related to cold spraying mixed powders on CFRPs are explored.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".