Caractérisation hydrogéologique et modélisation dusystème d’écoulement au-dessus de champs gaziers,sous-bassin de Moncton, sud du Nouveau-Brunswick.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Les recentes avancees techniques developpees par l’industrie gaziere ont rendu accessible la production de gaz naturel a partir de reservoirs non conventionnels. Au sud du Nouveau- Brunswick, du gaz est extrait depuis 2003 dans le champ McCully a partir d’unites sedimentaires peu permeables du sous-bassin de Moncton. Face aux risques environnementaux generes par ces activites, les inquietudes de la population ont entraine l’application d’un moratoire interdisant la fracturation hydraulique dans la province depuis juin 2015. Les travaux documentes dans ce memoire de maitrise ont ete realises dans le cadre d’un projet mene par la Commission geologique du Canada (CGC) visant a evaluer la vulnerabilite de l’aquifere superficiel face aux operations gazieres profondes dans le sous-bassin de Moncton. Afin de determiner les conditions hydrogeologiques de ce territoire de 1 417 km², l’etude a necessite l’acquisition de donnees de terrain entre 2016 et 2018. Les travaux de caracterisation specifiquement realises dans le cadre du present memoire avaient pour but d’interpreter les conditions hydrogeologiques de la region d’etude en fonction des donnees existantes et des nouvelles donnees acquises dans le cadre du projet de la CGC. Pour ce faire, les donnees disponibles ont ete interpretees, des cartes hydrogeologiques ont ete produites et un modele numerique d’ecoulement de l’eau souterraine a ete developpe. La comprehension du systeme d’ecoulement avait notamment pour but de contribuer a l’evaluation de la vulnerabilite de l’aquifere superficiel par rapport aux activites petrolieres profondes. Les travaux realises dans le cadre de cette maitrise montrent que les deux bassins de la region d’etude sont caracterises par 1) une piezometrie controlee par la topographie, 2) des depots superficiels generalement peu epais et permeables favorisant la recharge de la nappe, 3) un aquifere rocheux a nappe libre, tres fracture en sous-surface et relativement vulnerable a une contamination provenant de la surface, et 4) une recharge moyenne de 300 mm/an. Les donnees existantes et acquises, ainsi que le modele numerique 2D, indiquent que la zone active d’ecoulement de l’eau souterraine est peu profonde et essentiellement concentree dans les 50 a 100 premiers metres sous la surface. Aucune evidence de lien hydraulique entre les formations geologiques profondes ou se fait la production d’hydrocarbures et l’aquifere de surface n’a ete trouvee. Toutefois, la region modelisee n’inclut aucune zone de failles. Abstract Recent technological developments made by the oil and gas industry have allowed natural gas extraction from unconventional reservoirs. Natural gas has been extracted in southern New Brunswick in the McCully gas field since 2003 from low permeability sedimentary units of the Moncton sub-basin. In view of the environmental risks related to these activities, concerns voiced by the local population led to a moratorium banning hydraulic fracturing in the province in June 2015. The work documented in the present M.Sc. thesis was carried out as part of a larger project led by Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) aiming to assess the shallow aquifer vulnerability to deep gas extraction in the Moncton sub-basin. Fieldwork was conducted between 2016 and 2018 to collect data in order to define hydrogeological conditions of this 1 417 km² area. The characterization work carried out as part of this M.Sc. research aimed to interpret hydrogeological conditions in the study area based on existing data, as well as the new data acquired through the GSC project. To this end, available data were interpreted, hydrogeological maps were produced and a numerical groundwater flow model was developed. The understanding of the flow system aimed to contribute to the assessment of the aquifer vulnerability to deep hydrocarbon operations. The work carried out as part of this M.Sc. research shows that the two watersheds in the study area are characterized by 1) a topography-driven groundwater flow system, 2) thin, permeable surficial deposits favoring aquifer recharge, 3) an unconfined rock aquifer, which is highly fractured in its upper part, and is therefore relatively vulnerable to surface contamination that would potentially be released at the surface and 4) an average recharge of 300 mm/year. Existing and acquired data, as well as the 2D numerical model, indicate that the active groundwater flow zone is relatively shallow, being essentially concentrated in the upper 50 to 100 meters below the ground surface. No evidence of hydraulic link between deep geological formations where hydrocarbons are extracted and shallow groundwater was found. However, the selected modeled region does not include any fault zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".