Ultrafast photoinduced insulator-metal transition in epitaxial samarium nickelate thin films investigated by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate the ultrafast dynamic behavior of photoinduced insulator-metal phase transition in an epitaxially grown $\mathrm{SmNi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin film by using time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy at different excitation fluences. It is found that the relaxation of the photoexcited carriers is characterized by two components with different time scales: (i) an ultrafast one with time constant varying between 0.3 ps (at 4.4 $\mathrm{mJ}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) and 0.35 ps (at 0.88 $\mathrm{mJ}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) and (ii) a slow one with a time constant varying between 1.7 ps (at 2 $\mathrm{mJ}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) and 4.7 ps (at 0.88 $\mathrm{mJ}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$). These relaxation times could be primarily attributed to the coexistence of conducting and insulating charge-ordering domains. The observed behavior of the transient THz conductivity of $\mathrm{SmNi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin film is well fitted by the Drude-Smith model, revealing that insulating domains emerge between the metallic domains, which in turn increase the carrier confinement during the relaxation process. Furthermore, the ultrafast dynamic behavior at different temperatures suggests that the insulating gap shrinks gradually between the Ni $3d$ and O $2p$ states as the temperature applied to the film increases. Our experimental findings pave the way to scientific opportunities and to technological applications of epitaxially grown $\mathrm{SmNi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin film such as ultrafast optical switching and modulation devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".