“Now is the Time to Fight”: Juvenile Delinquency, Drug Addiction, and the Construction of a Moral Program in Postwar Toronto, 1945–1960
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the fact that federal and provincial reports consistently refuted the existence of widespread teen drug use in Toronto between 1945 and 1960, local newspapers continued to raise the spectre of youth addiction. As a result, middle class readers began to view drug use as a pressing social problem afflicting kids throughout the city. The fear of drug-addicted teens emerged within broader contemporary discourses on juvenile delinquency, and linked the consumption of illicit substances to the perceived deterioration of postwar Canadian society. These concerns were sparked in part by the rapid social changes brought about by World War II, and by a subsequent conservative backlash among a middle class who wanted to restore “traditional” institutions. Teenage delinquency (and by extension drug addiction) was one avenue through which affluent city residents expressed their concerns over shifting social relations and expressions of power. Toward this end, the media of the period unanimously echoed the demands of Toronto’s middle class to urgently address the “problem” of wayward teens. This growing public concern was not a rational response to a dramatically increasing problem among the city’s youths, but was instead constructed within the moral hegemony of a middle class attempting to draw clear distinctions between “normal,” healthy teenagers, and deeply troubled “delinquents.”
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".