An Experimental Study of Surface-Mounted Bluff Bodies Immersed in Deep Turbulent Boundary Layers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports an experimental study conducted to investigate the effects of aspect ratio on the reattachment length and statistical properties in turbulent flow over three-dimensional surface-mounted bluff bodies. This study focuses on a surface-mounted body whose height is significantly smaller than the thickness of the approaching turbulent boundary layer. The studied aspect ratios of the step range from w/h = 0.5 to 20, where w and h denote the spanwise width and height of the step, respectively. All experiments were carried out in an open water channel, and the velocity measurements were performed using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) system. The Reynolds number, based on the freestream of the approach boundary layer and step height, is 12540, while the ratio of the boundary layer to step height is 4.83. Two distinct regions of separation are observed on top of the step and downstream of the step. In both separation regions, the reattachment length increases monotonically as aspect ratio increases from w/h = 0.5 to 8, and the reattachment length reaches an asymptotic value and does not vary significantly with aspect ratio larger than 8. The effects of aspect ratios on the mean velocities and Reynolds stresses were also examined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".