Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Polymer Accumulation and pha Gene Expression in Phenazine (phz-) and Pyrrolnitrin (prn-) Defective Mutants of Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 was isolated from the rhizosphere of soybeans and identified as a biocontrol bacterium against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a fungal plant pathogen. This bacterium produces a number of secondary metabolites, including phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2-hydroxyphenazine, pyrrolnitrin (PRN), hydrogen cyanide, proteases, lipases and siderophores. It also synthesizes and accumulates polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers as carbon and energy storage compounds under nutrient-limited conditions. Pseudomonads like P. chlororaphis metabolize glucose via the Entner-Doudoroff and Pentose Phosphate pathways, which provide precursors for phenazine production. Mutants defective in phenazine (PHZ; PA23-63), PRN (PA23-8), or both (PA23-63-1) accumulated higher concentrations of PHAs than the wild-type strain (PA23) when cultured in Ramsay’s Minimal Medium with glucose or octanoic acid as the carbon source. Expression levels of six pha genes, phaC1, phaZ, phaC2, phaD, phaF, and phaI, were compared with wild type PA23 by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The qPCR studies indicated that there was no change in levels of transcription of the PHA synthase genes phaC1 and phaC2 in the phz- (PA23-63) and phz- prn- (PA23-63-1) mutants in glucose medium. There was a significant increase in expression of phaC2 in octanoate medium. Transcription of phaD, phaF and phaI increased significantly in the phz- prn- (PA23-63-1) mutant. Mutations in regulatory genes like gacS, rpoS, and relA/spoT, which affect PHZ and PRN production, also resulted in altered gene expression. The expression of phaC1, phaC2, phaF, and phaI genes was down-regulated significantly in gacS and rpoS mutants. Thus, it appears that PHZ, PRN, and PHA production is regulated by common mechanisms. Higher PHA production in the phz- (PA23-63), prn- (PA23-8), and phz- prn- (PA23-63-1) mutants in octanoic medium could be correlated with higher expression of phaC2. Further, the greater PHA production observed in the phz- and prn- mutants was not due to increased transcription of PHA synthase genes in glucose medium, but due to more accessibility of carbon substrates and reducing power, which were otherwise used for the synthesis of PHZ and PRN.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".