Respiration Rate Estimation From Noisy Electrocardiograms Based on Modulation Spectral Analysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a novel method to estimate the respiration rate (RR) from a noisy electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The method exploits the second order periodicity of the ECG signal, caused by the influence of respiration, and relies on the so-called modulation spectral signal representation to quantify RR from the noisy ECG. The methodology is validated on two datasets, one collected at rest using medical-grade sensors and another with users wearing an off-the-shelf smartshirt throughout their workday. The paper also explores the impact of ECG recording duration on RR estimation. Results show that ECG signal recordings of 120 seconds, or longer, lead to an adequate RR estimate with an error percentage ≤12.5%.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it