Canada and the challenges of globalization: a glass half empty, or half full?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This special issue on Canada and the challenges of globalization since 1968 arises from a conference held in Ottawa to mark the publication in 2017 of the third volume in the official history of Canada’s department of external affairs: innovation and adaptation, 1968–84 (U of Toronto Press). Technological change, trade liberalisation, and a steadily expanding international agenda after 1968 heralded the arrival of globalization and placed External Affairs under great stress during the 1970s as it struggled to adapt. This collection explores Canada’s experiences with some of the key political, economic, security, and social themes associated with globalization after 1968. Rooted in a long and deep fifty-year perspective, these articles suggest that the changes wrought by globalization will not be easily undone despite today’s raging torrents of nationalist populism and economic protectionism. The challenges that confront Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government are hardly new, and will demand the same kind of frustrating and endless processes of innovation and adaptation that have characterized policymaking over the last fifty years.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.034 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.023 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".