Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for PEM Oxygen Reduction based on Sol Gel Derived Cobalt Nigrogen Compounds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The majority of power loss in PEM fuel cells occurs at the cathode, due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Much higher loadings of Pt at the cathode, as compared to the anode, must be used to compensate for this, resulting in high costs. There have been numerous efforts to develop non-noble metal catalysts for the ORR, including Co-N 4 chelates, normally arising from porphyrin precursors and which have been shown to improve in activity with heat treatment. In this work, Co oxide sol-gel syntheses, known to yield nanoparticulate composite materials, have been modified by the incorporation of carbon and nitrogen in the form of ethylene diamine. These new catalysts have demonstrated very good ORR activity in acidic solutions after adsorption on carbon and subsequent heat treatment, with a maximum in performance and minimum in H 2 O 2 generation at 700 °C. Catalyst activity was also found to increase with an increase in the concentration of the catalyst on the carbon powder and with increased loadings of the catalyst.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".