Rare earth element geochemistry during weathering of S‐type granites from dry to humid climates of Brazil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract S‐type granites are igneous rock types that are widespread in all continental crust. These granites play a key role in global weathering patterns and can be important economic ores of rare earth elements (REEs). This study provides insights into the geochemical and mineralogical signatures of REEs in S‐type granites and their derived soil profiles along a climosequence from dry to humid climates of Brazil. Mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical and soil analyses (physical and chemical) were used to evaluate the geochemistry of REEs in rock and soil samples. The granites were characterized as strongly peraluminous, being classified as typical S‐types. Both the granites and their derived soils contained high contents of REEs, with monazite and apatite being the major source of REEs. The high enrichment of light REEs (LRREs) in monazite and apatite explained the REE fractionation evidenced in the S‐type granites. The normalized REE distribution patterns for soil profiles along the climosequence revealed the fractionation between light and heavy REEs (HREEs). The ratio of La/Yb N > 1 also confirmed the LREEs/HREEs fractionation. The mineralogical composition of the parent material and the clay minerals (kaolintes) seemed to govern the fractionation between LREEs and HREEs in these soils. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) values, REE fractionation and kaolinite proportions in soil profiles increased from dry to humid climates. These results suggest that the degree of weathering plays an important role in the type and volume of secondary minerals, as well as the REE fractionation. Among the phyllosilicates, kaolinite seems to be the most important adsorbent of light REE. The higher positive Eu anomalies with advanced weathering are explained by the breakdown of plagioclase. The weathering of monazite and apatite was the main reason for the slight negative Ce anomalies in the soil profiles. This study can be used to comprehend the geochemistry of REEs in other parts of the tropics underlain by S‐type granites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".