Dynamics of a Tubular Cantilever Simultaneously Subjected to Internal and Partially-Confined External Axial Flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper the dynamics of a tubular cantilever, simultaneously subjected to internal and external axial flows, is examined theoretically. The tube is discharging fluid downwards which then flows upwards through an annular region surrounding the tube. Thus, the internal and external flows are interdependent and in opposite directions. Also, the external flow is confined over a certain range of the cantilever length and unconfined over the rest. The Heaviside step function has been used in the literature, for such a system, to model the discontinuity in the external flow velocity occurring when the flow enters the annular region. A more accurate way to model this discontinuity is introduced in this study, in which the logistic function is used instead of the Heaviside step function. The stability of the system is investigated by analysis of the system eigenfrequencies, and the effects of varying the length of the confined region are theoretically studied. The obtained results are compared to theoretical predictions and experimental data from the literature having the same system parameters. The proposed theory captures the same dynamical behaviour as observed experimentally, and has a better estimation for the onset of instability and the frequency of oscillations compared to the theory in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".