Effect of Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream (EMLA®) on Pain of Intramuscular Fluzone® Injection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The efficacy of lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA® — Eutectic mixture of Local Anesthetics) in alleviating the pain of intramuscular injections was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. EMLA® or placebo cream was applied to the arms of 60 adult volunteers before receiving influenza virus vaccine (Fluzone®). Twenty-nine subjects received approximately 2.5 g of EMLA® cream and 31 subjects received approximately 2.5 g of an inert placebo cream under occlusion for 60-90 minutes. The cream was then removed and each subject received one 0.5 mL intramuscular injection of influenza virus vaccine using a 22 gauge one inch needle. Pain of needle puncture and pain of injection were both assessed by the subjects using a visual analog scale. EMLA® was associated with decreased needle puncture pain (p < 0.0002) and decreased pain of injection when compared to placebo (p = 0.0139). There was a significant correlation between scores of needle puncture pain and injection pain. Mild skin pallor was a common skin reaction from EMILA®· While the efficacy of EMLA® to alleviate pain of venipuncture is well documented, this is the first study to show the efficacy of EMLA ® for intramuscular injections. RESUME Une etude randomisee a double insu, en controle parallele avec placebo a permis d'evaluer la capacite de la Lidocaine-Prilocaine (creme EMLA® — melange eutectique d'anesthesiques locaux) a soulager la douleur causee par les injections intramusculaires. On a applique la creme EMLA® ou un placebo sur le bras de 60 volontaires adultes avant de leur injecter un vaccin viral contre la grippe (Fluzone®). Vingt-neuf (29) sujets ont ete traites avec la creme EMLA® et 31 avec le placebo. Tous ont recu une application d'environ 2,5 g de creme sous un pansement occlusif pendant 60 a 90 minutes. Apres l'elimination de la creme, on leur a injecte 0,5 mL de vaccin par voie intramusculaire au moyen d'une aiguille calibre 22 d'un pouce. Les sujets ont evalue la douleur causee par l’insertion de l'aiguille et par l'injection au moyen d'une echelle visuelle analogique. Comparativement au placebo, la creme EMLA® a attenue la douleur associee a l'insertion de l’aiguille (p < 0.0002) et a l’injection (P = 0,0139). On a note une correlation significative entre les cotes se rapportant a la douleur provoquee par l'insertion de l'aiguille et celles relatives a la douleur causee par l'injection. L'apparition d'une legere pâleur fut une reaction cutanee courante a l'application de la creme EMLA®. Il est bien etabli que cette derniere soulage la douleur due a la ponction veineuse, mais la presente etude est la premieree a demontrer son efficacite en cas d'injection intramusculaire.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it