The Effects of Early-Life Phthalate Exposure on Prefrontal Cortex Mediated Behaviours
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human exposure to environmental toxicants, such as phthalates, occurs throughout the lifespan.Phthalates are a group of synthetic chemicals added to plastics to increase their flexibility and durability, however they easily migrate out of the plastic product into the environment.Children and infants have a higher level of exposure to phthalates than adults, which is concerning as the majority of neurodevelopment occurs during this time period.Previous research has shown that early life exposure to di-(2ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most commonly used phthalate worldwide, has resulted in altered neurodevelopment.DEHP was administered once daily from postnatal day (P) 18-23, a critical period of development of dopaminergic innervation to the PFC.Wildtype C57Bl/6 mice were used to assess behavioural effects.Transgenic AldHl1-L10:GFP mice were used to measure changes in astrocyte number and activation in the PFC.Behavioural and histological measurements were assessed at P29 and P49, to examine both short-term and long-term responses.Both males and females were assessed to determine whether sex differences exist in response to early-life DEHP exposure.Our results suggest that male mice exposed to DEHP exhibit a short-term hyperactive phenotype paralleled by a decrease in anxiety-like phenotype.The majority of these effects were not seen at P49, suggesting these effects are not long-lasting.No differences were seen at either time point in females, suggesting that males and females differentially respond to early-life DEHP exposure.No changes in astrocyte number or astrocyte activation were observed, suggesting astrocytes in the PFC are not affected by early-life DEHP exposure.In conclusion, early-life DEHP exposure appears to have acute anxiolytic effects only in males, and these effects do not seem to be mediated through astrocytic changes in the PFC.I would also like to express my gratitude towards my committee members, Alfonso Abizaid, Michael Hildebrand, and Maria DeRosa for their time and input on this project.Finally I'd like to thank my friends and family for their support.Thank you Angelo for happily talking about phthalates
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".