A16804 Pulmonary hypertension increases the risk of all-cause mortality in dialysis patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension is highly prevalent in dialysis patients and is associated with poor outcomes. In the last decade, several epidemiological studies linked pulmonary hypertension with the increased mortality rate in kidney disease patients. So, this meta-analysis is addressing the pooled risk of all-cause mortality in dialysis patients due to pulmonary hypertension Methods: Studies assessing the mortality event in dialysis patients with pulmonary hypertension were identified through PubMed and Embase search. Search period was from inception to February 2018. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias among studies qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Pulmonary hypertension was defined according to the estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure ( ≥ 35 mmHg). Subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of dialysis (HD or PD), study quality, length of follow-up, age and sex. Review Manager (RevMan v 5.3) was used for the meta-analysis. Results: This meta-analysis is based on ten studies with 2206 dialysis patients with the mean age of 59.1 years. More than half of the studies were of high methodological quality. Pulmonary hypertension was associated with significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality among dialysis patients [RR 2.15 (95% CI: 1.78 to 2.59), p = < 0.00001]. Subgroup analysis based on dialysis modality also showed significant all-cause mortality rate with RR of 2.19 (95% CI: 1.75 to 2.74), p = < 0.00001 for hemodialysis and RR 1.93 (95% CI: 1.33 to 2.80), p = < 0.0005 for peritoneal dialysis patients. No significant association was observed based on age and sex. Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension increases the risk of all-cause mortality among patients receiving dialysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.024 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".