The Paromomyidae (Primates, Mammalia): Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plesiadapiforms represent the first radiation of Primates, appearing near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Eleven families of plesiadapiforms are recognized, including the Paromomyidae. Questions surrounding this family explored in this thesis include its pattern of extinction, its phylogeny and migration, and its dietary ecology. Firstly, there is a record of misclassifying small-sized omomyoid euprimates as late-occurring paromomyid plesiadapiforms. Here, a new omomyoid from the Uintan of California is described. This material was previously thought to pertain to a paromomyid, similar to previously named supposed paromomyids Phenacolemur shifrae and Ignacius mcgrewi. The new Californian species, Ph. shifrae, and I. mcgrewi are transferred to Trogolemurini, a tribe of omomyoids. The implications of this taxonomic change are that no paromomyids are found between the early Bridgerian and the Chadronian, suggesting that the group suffered near-extinction during a period of particularly warm climate. Secondly, migration of paromomyids between North America and Europe is poorly understood. The European material (genus Arcius) is taxonomically reassessed, including emended diagnoses for all four previously named species, and description of two new Arcius species. A cladistic analysis of the European paromomyids resolves Arcius as monophyletic, implying that the European radiation of paromomyids was a product of a single migration event from North America. Finally, paromomyid diet has only been assessed qualitatively in previous literature. Dental topographic metrics are used to assess diet in paromomyids and observe patterns of evolutionary change in the P4. The results for P4 are consistent with previous literature for inferences about changes within given lineages, but comparisons across different lineages is challenging. The results for M2 suggest a more varied diet that previously thought for paromomyids. The results presented here show a general trend from more insect intake in primitive members to a more frugivorous diet in more derived and/or later occurring members of various lineages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".