What Lies Beneath: Geophysical Approaches for Assessing Trenchless Water Crossings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When tied to drilling results, geophysical surveys of trenchless water crossings provide important information on subsurface geotechnical conditions, including bedrock elevation and the locations of zones of granular material within overburden. Because the terrain can change quite dramatically at water crossings, it is difficult to acquire geophysical data that is continuous between the geotechnical boreholes. The resulting data gaps can decrease confidence in understanding the site geotechnical conditions, which increases uncertainties in the detailed engineering design of the trenchless water crossing (e.g., HDD, or MTBM method). We demonstrate here how some of the technical challenges associated with acquiring continuous geophysical data at water crossings can be overcome. These include the use of suspended ERT cables, and complementary waterborne ERT and seismic refraction surveys. To illustrate the efficacy of these techniques, we present case-studies from proposed HDD crossings of three different types of water bodies at sites in British Columbia and Alberta.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".