Numerical investigation of water surface deformation due to corona discharge
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A two-phase electrohydrodynamic flow in a corona discharge system of a sharp needle and a water electrode is studied considering free interface deformation. The governing equations were solved using finite volume method implemented in a developed solver using the OpenFOAM platform. Recommendations are given about selection of equivalent electrical properties of water. For a constant electrode-water gap, a 60% increase in the applied voltage results in a 90% enhancement of maximum downward air velocity. Interface deformation depth could reach 2 mm (20% of initial water layer depth), revealing that consideration of deformation in a shallow water layer is very important. • Simulation of water surface deformation caused by corona discharge is performed. • An OpenFOAM solver capable of modeling two-phase EHD flow is developed. • Recommendations for equivalent electrical properties of water phase are given. • Velocity distributions and streamlines in the needle-water gap are analyzed. • Average ionic velocity in the tip-water region is calculated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it