Bibliographic record
Abstract
This essay seeks to answer the question “does Omar Khadr’s story represent a failure of multiculturalism or of justice?” While it might be tempting to label the failure to uphold his charter rights as the exception to the rule and that the judiciary has the tools they need to protect the rights of Canadians, this paper argues that is far from the case. Khadr’s treatment is indicative of a prevalent flaw in Canadian multiculturalism, and in the idea of human rights as a whole, which is its reliance on the state to uphold them. Even though the judiciary determined that Khadr’s rights were violated, it was negligence by the state that lead to his prolonged imprisonment in Guantanamo Bay. Ultimately, the state failed to protect Khadr’s rights because he was not seen as a citizen, despite being born and raised in Toronto. This paper draws on Hannah Arendt’s arguments about the inadequacy of citizenship rights, and examines the case of Maher Arar, whose rights have been similarly neglected.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".