Propofol Versus Thiopental — lsoflurane in Outpatient Surgical Procedures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the potential advantages of propofol to determine if it might be cost effective when compared with traditional anesthesia using thiopental and isoflurane (TI) for outpatient surgery. The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, biphasic trial (Phase I [peri-op]: single blind; Phase II [post-op]: double blind). Of 75 patients enrolled, 63 (33 propofol; 30 Tl) had evaluable results. Patients were randomly assigned to receive induction and maintenance of anesthesia with either propofol or a combination of thiopental and isoflurane (TI). During recovery, the mean times to ambulation, tolerating liquids, and discharge were significantly lower in the propofol group. In addition, less direct patient care was required in the recovery room for those receiving propofol. Patients in the propofol group experienced less nausea and vomiting than those receiving TI. Patients regarded overall recovery from surgery to be significantly better with propofol. The average cost of propofol per patient ($16.41) was approximately three times higher than with TI ($5.45). RESUME On a effectue une etude prospective, aleatoire, biphasique (phase I [perioperatoire]: a simple insue; phase II [postoperatoire]: a double insue) pour evaluer les avantages eventuels du propofol et determiner si son emploi pour la chirurgie en unite de soins d'un jour est rentable, comparativement aux anesthesiques classiques, a savoir une combinaison de thiopental et d'isoflurane (Tl). On a pu evaluer les resultats de 63 (33 propofols; 30 Tl) des 75 patients qui ont participe a l'etude. Le choix des patients pour les deux types d'anesthesie s'est fait au hasard. Au reveil les patients anesthesies au propofol mettent, en moyenne, significativement moins de temps a marcher, a tolerer les liquides et a sortir de l'hopital. De plus, ce groupe exige moins de soins dans la salle de reveil. Les patients anesthesies au propofol ont moins de nausees et de vomissements que ceux anesthesies avec le melange thiopental-isoflurane. Dans l'ensemble, la recuperation post-operatoire est nettement meilleure chez les patients anesthesies au propofol. Le cout moyen par patient du propofol (16,41 $) est environ trois fois plus eleve que celui de la combinaison thiopental-isoflurane (5,45 $).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".