Ultralight Conductive and Elastic Aerogel for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Regeneration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cell‐free materials that can transmit both mechanical and electrical stimulations provide a promising strategy for myoinjury repair. Skeletal muscle is sensitive to electrical stimulation (ES), and accordingly, materials are required to transmit the electrical signal while maintaining their elasticity to build the cellular communication network in denervated muscle for retarding muscle atrophy. Here, tannic acid functionalized with methacrylate group (TA–MA), dopamine, and hydrothermal reduction are employed in multistep base reduction to fabricate a polydopamine (PDA)/reduced graphite oxide (rGO) aerogel. This mussel‐inspired PDA/rGO aerogel possesses good conductivity, electromechanical stability, and appropriate Young's modulus, which are favorable for the growth and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. After the cell‐free PDA/rGO aerogel‐transplanted denervated muscle is loaded with cyclic ES for 3 weeks, the mean muscle fiber size increases by 90% and the maximum contraction force of denervated muscle elevates by 50%, accompanied with a slight inflammation infiltration in muscle. In conclusion, PDA/rGO aerogel is a safe and effective implant for retarding the disuse muscle atrophy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".