Bibliographic record
Abstract
Landslides in the mountain valleys of western Canada have challenged the development and operation of railways since the late 19th Century. In the 21st Century, pronounced economic and environmental repercussions occur when rail service is disrupted by landslide activity. In the section of the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific railway corridor that runs through the Thompson River valley in southern British Columbia there is a unique combination of complex glacial geology and active slope processes. To better understand and manage geological hazards and risks along this section of the transportation corridor, a small slow-moving landslide that is adversely impacting critical railway infrastructure and operation is now under collaborative investigation by the national railway companies, federal government agencies and universities through the Railway Ground Hazard Research Program http://www.carrl.ca/RGHRP. Radar satellite imagery, global positioning, borehole monitoring, fiber optical measurement of slope deformation, geological mapping, geophysical surveys and field observations provide information on the distribution of earth materials, landforms and deformation processes involved in the landslide. All techniques confirm movement across the main landslide body, with the greatest displacement at the south end in the vicinity of a lock-block retaining wall. Mapping and geophysical surveys indicate a high relief bedrock surface overlain by up to 80 metres of clay, till and gravel with saline groundwater in the main body and landslide toe. Planar sub-surface features revealed in geophysical profiles include tabular bedding and earth material contacts. Profiles also show discrete curvilinear features interpreted as retrogressive translational failure planes in clay-rich layers beneath the retaining wall and rail ballast that extend below the Thompson River. Innovative research and development at this site provides national railway companies, governments and local communities with better information to predict landslide movement and reduce risks to the environment, economy, natural resources and public safety. The painting is a southward view of the Thompson River valley showing bedrock, glacial deposits, scattered boulders, landslide scarps, radar satellite monitoring prisms and global positioning stations flanking the rail tracks and retaining wall at the Ripley Landslide, near Ashcroft in south-central British Columbia. About the artist: Dr. David Huntley is a research scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".