Seasonal tropospheric oscillations observed in InSAR time series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Applying the Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MSBAS InSAR) algorithm to 250 ENVISAT and RADARSAT-2 SAR images spanning 2003-2013 we computed time series of ground deformation over Naples Bay Area in Italy. Two active volcanoes, Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei, are located in this area in close proximity to a densely populated city of Naples. For the first time with a remarkable clarity in the vertical component of time series we observed elevation dependent seasonal oscillations with an amplitude of up to 1.5 cm, substantially larger than the longterm annual deformation rate. Analysis, utilizing ground weather station and radiosonde data, linked observed oscillations with seasonal fluctuations of water vapor, air pressure and temperature in a lower troposphere. Atmospherically corrected time series confirmed continuing subsidence at Vesuvius previously observed by GPS and levelling techniques. Developed methodology demonstrated that for spatially localized studies the Atmospheric Path Delay (APD) can be successfully modeled as an elevation dependent seasonally oscillating signal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".