Relationship between water transparency and walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>) muscle glycolytic potential in northwestern Ontario lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piscivorous predators at the apex of aquatic food webs are thought to exhibit foraging behaviours that depend on environmental conditions. Walleye (Sander vitreus), for example, is a freshwater predator that is most active under low light conditions. This study examined walleye resource use and swimming activity across lakes located in northwestern Ontario representing a gradient of water transparency. Muscle glycolytic potential, an index of swimming activity, was estimated by the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). We show that walleye white muscle LDH activity increased with lake water transparency, but that this relationship is not determined by the use of nearshore resources, estimated from δ13C stable isotope signatures, or by prey abundance. On the other hand, walleye muscle LDH activity decreased with increasing prey size, and prey size was larger in lakes of low water transparency. These results support a positive relationship between water transparency and swimming activity in walleye, with prey size as an important factor contributing to this effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".