The Organization of the Hajj and the State: Cohesion and Rivalries within the Muslim Community of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-2006)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The importance of the hajj for Muslims and the considerable sums of money devoted to it arouse the envy of both religious and political actors. Thus, it is not surprising that since independence many West African states have often played a central role in the organization of the Muslim pilgrimage. In this regard, the case of Côte d'Ivoire is very interesting since the state recognized the Association Musulmane pour l'Organisation du Pèlerinage as the first official pilgrimage organizing association of the country in 1978. The aim of this communication is twofold. On the one hand, it shows how the planning of the hajj has been a vector of unity for Ivorian Islam. At the same time, it has fostered intense rivalries between several associations and Muslim leaders struggling for economic, religious and symbolic resources. On the other hand, the supposedly secular state has played a murky role in this business. The different Ivoirian political regimes from 1993 to 2006 have alternated between a policy of engagement and withdrawal. These strategies have allowed the ruling party to use patronage as an instrument to ensure the loyalty of some Muslim elites and to reduce the influence of other organizations and leaders suspected of being close to the opposition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".