Directing the reactivity of metal hydrides for selective CO <sub>2</sub> reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to fuels using renewable electricity provides an entry into sustainable carbon-neutral fuels. Most reactions require proton equivalents, but direct proton reduction to H 2 leads to low product selectivity, a significant challenge in the field. The issue of product selectivity arises from shared catalytic intermediates for both CO 2 reduction and H 2 evolution. We describe how thermodynamic relationships regarding the reactivity of H + and CO 2 with one of these shared intermediates, homogeneous metal hydrides, can be applied to identify catalyst candidates and conditions where H 2 evolution is suppressed in favor of highly selective CO 2 reduction. The conceptual framework is used to outline operational conditions for electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to formate (HCO 2 − ) by [Pt(dmpe) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 with negligible H 2 production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".