Helical Hydro-Computed Tomography in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis in two foals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pyloric stenosis is rarely reported in horses (Bart et al 1980; Bezdecova et al. 2009). Congenital and acquired conditions have been described (Church et al 1986; Heidmann et al 2004; Laing et al. 1992; McGill et al. 1984) clinical suspicion is based on clinical findings while definitive diagnosis is reached by exploratory laparotomy and gastroscopy. The use of other diagnostic techniques has never been described. Two foals were admitted for recurrent abdominal pain. Clinical and ultrasonographic (US) examinations were performed. Foals underwent Computed Tomography (CT) of the abdomen, both native and Helical Hydro-CT. US revealed mild stomach distension, mild small bowel wall thickening; small intestine obstruction was suspected in both foals. Case 1, two-month old Thoroughbred filly 130 kg of weight: CT showed segmental concentric pylorus stenosis, at the pyloric duodenal junction level. Mild liquid distension of the pyloric antrum and mixed gas and fluid distension of the cranial duodenum. During necroscopy the pyloric antrum showed stenosis due to an inelastic constricting ring reducing the lumen of the pyloric canal. The glandular part presented mild acute catarrhal gastritis. Case 2, three-month old Italian Saddle colt 142 kg of weigh: CT showed small amount of intraluminal hyperattenuanting material within the gastric fundus and duodenum. Hydro-CT highlighted the presence of mild pylorus narrowing, mild distension and moderate mucosal irregularities of the pyloric antrum. An acquired pyloric stenosis secondary to chronic gastritis of unknown origin was suspected. Explorative laparotomy was performed; the antrum was mildly distended and the pylorus appeared narrowed and hard on palpation; gastrojejunostomy was performed. Ante-mortem diagnosis of pyloric stenosis in horses is challenging because aspecific clinical signs. Native CT allowed to investigate both the stomach and the small intestine and, in one case, outlined the presence of pylorus stenosis. In case 2, only Helical Hydro-CT allowed better evaluation of the pyloric thickness. CT and Helical Hydro-CT can be considered a useful diagnostic tool in foal with clinical suspicion of pyloric stenosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".