A Gold–Palladium Nanoparticle Alloy Catalyst for CO Production from CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is a promising technology for combining CO 2 reutilization and renewable electricity storage. For economic feasibility, better catalysts are required to overcome current limitations such as high overpotentials, poor faradaic efficiencies (FEs), and low current densities. Herein, size‐ and composition‐controlled gold (Au)–palladium (Pd) bimetallic alloy nanoparticles prepared by a metal vapor synthesis technique together with the monometallic Au and Pd equivalent materials are investigated. X‐ray diffraction and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses confirm the Au–Pd alloy formation with an average atomic ratio of 76 Pd wt% and 24 Au wt%. These bimetallic and the monometallic catalysts are characterized and tested for the electroreduction of CO 2 in electrochemical cells and also in a complete CO 2 electrolysis cell. Analysis of the reduction products shows a 100% CO 2 RR selectivity for CO. The FE for CO with respect to H 2 as high as 90% is obtained with Au–Pd/C by tuning the electrode structure. The Au/C and Pd/C catalysts also show a better selectivity for CO with no evidence of other CO 2 RR products. The Au–Pd alloy formation improves the FE of Pd for CO by suppressing the parasitic H 2 evolution reaction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it