Versatile Ligand-Exchange Method for the Synthesis of Water-Soluble Monodisperse AuAg Nanoclusters for Cancer Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A general-applicable two-phase ligand exchange method is developed to prepare a series of monodisperse water-soluble AuAg nanoclusters. This method relies on the ligand exchange of the water-soluble ligands (e.g., tiopronin, captopril, N -acetyl- l -cysteine, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, glutathione, and mercaptosuccinic acid) with phenylacetylene and triphenylphosphine co-protected AuAg precursors. Both polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate the monodispersity and ultrasmall size of the prepared water-soluble metal nanoclusters. In addition, the structure has also been characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (ESI-TOF-MS), etc. The preliminary application of the as-prepared AuAg nanoclusters protected with tiopronin has been explored via the postmodification of the carboxyl groups of thiols with doxorubicin (DOX).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".