An Investigative Analysis on Mapping X-Ray to Live Using Convolution Neural Networks for Detection of Genu Valgum
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Bow Legs and Knock Knees are quite common in growing children, which usually affect the lower portions of the body, however such disorders usually do not have any pathological significance. In this paper, we investigate a method using deep learning to correctly draw a boundary between a physiologically normal knee and a genu valgum. Objective: To draw a decision boundary between what is classified as Normal and what is "Abnormal" i.e. a knee exhibiting features of Knock knees which is Genu Valgum by using AI and ML tools. Methods: For this study the Adam Gradient descent was used which is a combination of AdaGrad and RMSProp. There is also an implementation of grid search for "self-selection" of parameters by the neural network which is the unique point that most existing ML algorithms on account of self-learning capability much like un-supervised learning but limited to parameter selection. In the second part, we try to investigate the outcome using X-ray version of the disorder and try to compare if the result is truthful in accordance to the patient's case. Results: The two types of Knees had been correctly classified up to an accuracy of 89% to 90% (by using normal to normal) which is really good for most physicians or sports instructors to use as an initial screening tool for most athletes/patients. However, the second part shows interesting results with an accuracy of 60% (X-ray to Normal).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it