An Investigation of Anticancer Effects of Doxorubicin and Calcitriol Combination on MCF-7 Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to identify a substance that both increases the efficiency and decreases the dose of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin has considerable cardiac side effects at certain doses when used treating breast cancer. Calcitriol, one of the vitamin D analogs considered to have antiproliferative effects, was selected, and its cytotoxic effects on the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 were investigated in combination with doxorubicin. <br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: MCF-7 cell line was treated with calcitriol in real time for 72 h in x-CELLigence. The antiproliferative optimal dose of calcitriol was determined by time-dependent cell index graph plotted using The xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) software program. The combination of different doses of doxorubicin and this optimal dose of calcitriol was used to treat the MCF-7 cell line. Then, Sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay was conducted, and spectrophotometric measurements were performed for cytotoxicity assay. The results of these spectrophotometric measurements were analyzed by Student’s -test. <br> <strong>Results</strong>: The optimal antiproliferative calcitriol dose detection of MCF-7 cells was performed using the time-dependent cell index graph RTCA software program. Spectrophotometric measurements obtained using the protein-staining sulforodamine B (SRB) assay for cytotoxicity determination were statistically evaluated by the Student’s t-test using the GraphPad Prism program. The optimal dose of calcitriol was determined to be 250 nM. Different doses of doxorubicin (1.84-0.92 µM), calcitriol (250 nM), and calcitriol without the MCF-7 cell line were then used for detecting the cytotoxic effect. The combination of 0.46 µM doxorubicin and the optimal dose of calcitriol was found to be cytotoxic compared with other doses (p=0.0087); however, it was not as effective as the dose reduction obtained when using doxorubicin. <br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The combined use of doxorubicin with calcitriol was found to have no significant effect in reducing the doses presently being used. Hence, it is too early to state that a combination of vitamin D and doxorubicin in breast cancer treatment will not have any beneficial effects. Other vitamin D analogs might be potential candidates for breast cancer treatment in further studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".