Lumbar Spine Anatomy in Women Sustaining Unintentional Dural Puncture During Labor Epidural Placement: A Descriptive Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound
Bibliographic record
Abstract
( Reg Anesth Pain Med . 2018;43:92–96) Unintentional puncture of the dura mater is one of the most common complications of epidural catheter placement and can result in a postdural puncture headache. The incidence of this complication has remained unchanged and efforts to identify patient risk factors have been unsuccessful. There has not been success in identifying risk factors for this complication. A retrospective study showed there was a higher risk of atypical sonoanatomy of the ligamentum flavum/dura mater unit among women who experienced unintentional dural puncture during epidural placement compared with a control group. It was not clear whether this was a limitation of ultrasound imaging or a representation of abnormal anatomy. The objectives of this study were to assess for abnormal lumbar anatomy in women sustaining unintentional dural punctures during labor epidural placement utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".